Skydiving and Parachuting Weather - Atmosphere

Skydiving and Parachuting Weather - Atmosphere We live on the bottom of an ocean of air that covers our world. Some people venture up into that ocean as aviators. Some even get out of their aircraft and allow their density to pull them back down to the bottom. Currently, this can only be survived through the use of a parachute. Although, skydiving seems like an extreme activity to many people, in good weather conditions the risks are very low. When weather conditions change, risks are compounded. That is why these daredevils must be very aware of the currents and conditions of this ocean of air. Wind Conditions and Skydivers The factor that is most important to skydivers is wind conditions. Modern square parachutes have approximately a twenty mile per hour forward speed. This forward speed affords the skydiver great maneuverability. On a day with no wind, a parachutist can go twenty miles per hour in whatever direction they prefer. When the wind is blowing, the wind speed and direction must be taken into consideration in order to land in the designated landing area. Just like a boat on a river, the currents of air will push a parachute in the direction that it is flowing. Using Winds for Spotting Skydivers learn a skill called spotting, which is to pick out the location above the ground that will allow the wind to best assist the skydiver with getting back to the landing zone. There are three ways to figure out the best spot for the jump: Skydivers may use the winds aloft forecast provided by the National Weather Service.The skydiver may simply look at the movement of the clouds aloft for the upper winds.Looking at the windsocks and flags on the drop zone for surface wind speed and direction also works. The Effects of Winds on the Drop Zone A 10 mile per hour wind will drift a skydiver a half a mile in a normal 3000-foot descent under canopy. Because a skydiver in freefall is going at speeds ranging from 120 mph and 180 mph on average, they only stay in freefall for between 45 seconds to a minute. With less surface area to cause drift, freefall drift is much less than the wind drift under canopy. So skydivers look at an aerial view of the area and find an easily visible landmark that is as far upwind of the landing area as their estimated drift. Once in the air, the real trick is to able to look straight down and direct the plane to that spot. One degree of angle becomes quite a large distance of the spot when looking from a height of two miles up. Modern GPS technology has made the job in the aircraft much easier because all the pilot has to do is head into the wind and look at the GPS for the distance from the center of the landing zone, but a good skydiver still knows how to look for the spot. The Dangers of Wind Turbulence and Skydiving As air flows over objects close to the ground, it will roll, just like water flowing over a rock. This rolling air is known as turbulence. Turbulence is very dangerous to skydivers because if a jumper gets caught in a downward flow of air, it will accelerate the parachutist toward the ground, which can result in injury or death. Unlike water on a river, this flow is invisible, so skydivers must be aware of the objects that cause turbulence such as buildings, trees, or mountains. Depending on wind speed, turbulence can be created downwind of that obstacle at a distance of ten to twenty times the height of the obstacle. That is one of the reasons why skydivers dont typically jump when the winds are more than 20 to 30 mph. Clouds and the Parachutist Clouds are also a factor when skydiving. In the United States skydiving falls under visual flight rules, which basically means a skydiver needs a clear view of the ground from the height that they wish to jump. Although clouds are droplets of condensed water and would not hurt the skydiver if they fell through them, it is what is on the other side of them that the skydiver cant see, such as an airplane, that could hurt them. The FAA has specifications as to how far away from clouds you must be depending on what altitude you are at, and they are listed in FAR 105.17. Beware of Thunderstorms Especially dangerous to skydivers are thunderstorms. They are generally accompanied by very strong and erratic winds and have even been known to have updrafts that are strong enough to lift a skydiver into dangerous levels of the atmosphere where there is very little oxygen. Now that you know what kind of weather you need to skydive safely, pick a beautiful day and head out to your local skydiving center. The United States Parachute Association is the only national organization that is recognized by the International Federation of Aeronautics. The USPA offers a list of member skydiving centers (dropzones) that promise to follow the basic safety requirements for skydiving. Edited by Mr. Dennis Zurawski

How to Answer Brainteaser Interview Questions and Wow Hiring Managers

How to Answer Brainteaser Interview Questions and Wow Hiring Managers If two trains leave the station at 11:30, with Train A traveling at 75 miles per hour and Train B traveling at 52 miles per hour, what kind of hat is the conductor of Train A wearing? You may think you left these kinds of word problems behind when you finished school, but think again- you may very well see this style of brainteaser question pop up in a job interview. Like you don’t have to do enough preparation already for the regular types of interview questions. But don’t worry- like every other interview question, the trick to rocking your answers to these brainteasers lies in being prepared. And that’s something we can help you do.What Are Brainteaser Interview Questions?These are interview questions, asked either verbally or in writing, that give you a situation and ask you to come up with a specific (if often ridiculous) answer. These kinds of questions are often used for highly technical or analysis-based jobs. Tech companies in particular love brainteaser s for job candidates: Google, IBM, and Facebook have been known to pick the brains of their interviewees.Brainteaser questions are less about getting an exact answer than about showing how you got there. So while you may be sweating bullets about whether you got the decimal point right, or whether you know enough about the price of tea in Hong Kong to make an educated guess about annual revenue, the interviewer is more likely interested in the way you tackled the question. It’s a test of your problem-solving skills, which you probably listed proudly on your resume.These brainteasers usually fall into several different categories:The â€Å"How Many Marbles in the Jar† BrainteaserThese estimating/quantifying questions ask you to figure out how many (or how much) of something there is in a particular place or scenario. Guaranteed, it’s something you never even thought about before you set foot into your interview.Examples:How many street lights are there in New Yor k City?How many golf balls are there in Florida?How much annual revenue does the Time Square Starbucks bring in?How many potatoes does McDonald’s sell each year in the UK?For these, logic is the key over accuracy. You won’t know the information ahead of time, so you’ll need to take information you do have (or can infer) and just wing it.For instance, looking at the streetlight example above, you’d take the number of approximate blocks in Manhattan, pick a probable number of streetlights per block, and multiply by 5 to arrive at an overall number for all five city boroughs. The interviewer knows you don’t know how many streetlights are in the city. But what he or she is looking for is that you can take an insane problem, reduce it to manageable parts, and then attack it.The â€Å"Dust Off the Math Skills† BrainteaserThese are much like the math word problems of yore, where you would apply specific math concepts/skills to arrive at the answer. Examples:A car travels a distance of 60 miles at an average speed of 30 mph. How fast would the car have to travel the same 60 mile distance home to average 60 mph over the entire trip?What is the sum of numbers from 1 to 100?You are given a 3-gallon jug and a 5-gallon jug. How do you use them to get 4 gallons of liquid?For these, there’s no way of getting around the math part- you’ll need to remember as best you can how to determine probability, angles, algebraic formulas, etc.The â€Å"Teach Me† BrainteaserThese are designed to get you to communicate complex information in a straightforward way.Examples:Explain the Internet to someone who has been in a coma for 30 years.How would you direct someone to make an omelet?Explain a complex database to your 8-year-old nephew.These are usually based on practical information, something you would normally face in everyday life, but would not necessarily be accustomed to describing. The best way to tackle these is to tak e a moment, think clearly about the steps (or the main points), then describe them as simply as possible.The â€Å"Kids Ask the Darnedest Questions† BrainteaserThese are questions that are designed to make you think about something you probably never pondered until someone asked you about it: why something works the way it does, why we do something in a particular way, etc. They’re the kind of questions that kids ask because they genuinely want to know how the world works. For an interviewer, it’s more about getting you to think about large, unwieldy concepts and break them down into manageable information.Examples:Why is a tennis ball fuzzy?Why are manhole covers round?These are questions where you’ll think about the motivation or design behind some common object. The good news is that you can wing it a little on this one- if you’re not up on the civil engineering concepts, you can still come up with an answer about manholes if you think about it logically. Manhole covers are round so that they fit into manholes, right? You don’t need some deep-seated soliloquy about the history of manholes in the continental United States†¦you just need a reasonable answer, presented quickly and simply.The â€Å"Ridiculous Scenario† BrainteaserThese are oddball questions that thrust you into an unfamiliar situation and ask how you’d (hypothetically) handle it.Examples:How would you kill a giraffe?How would you fight a bear?These questions usually require a little creativity. â€Å"I would never do that† is not the game here, so you should play along with the concept. You’re being tested on your creative problem solving skills, so rather than getting caught up in thinking about, say, what circumstances would put you in a boxing ring with a bear, use the same kind of logical, step-by-step thinking you’d apply to any process.Why Would Brainteasers Ever Come Up in an Interview?You’re applyin g for a job, not applying for college or auditioning for a game show. And quite frankly, brainteaser questions are never going to replace classics like â€Å"tell me about yourself† or â€Å"what can you bring to this position that no one else can?† Brainteasers are designed to throw you off your game, and get you out of your groove of resume talking points and rehearsed anecdotes. They’re a test of your critical thinking and problem solving skills.How Do You Tackle Brainteasers?The bad news: you’re never going to be able to prepare for specific brainteaser questions ahead of an interview. They’re meant to be curve balls, and see how you think and communicate in the moment. What you can do before an interview that might contain a brainteaser or two is practice your thinking-on-your-feet responses.Have a friend lob some questions like the brainteasers above to you. Practice explaining complicated processes in simple terms, either to yourself or love d ones.And in the interview itself, you can take some of these strategies in with you, no matter what crazy question your interviewer tosses your way.Always bring paper and a pen or pencil with you. This is good practice for an interview anyway, because you can jot down notes, contact information for thank you notes, etc. If you get in the habit of bringing a notebook with you on interviews, you’ll have scratch paper at the ready if you need to figure out how many gallons of ice cream the Titanic could have held.Take a moment to breathe and think. Before you dive right in with an answer, pause for a moment or two to gather your thoughts. (Within reason- you’re probably not being timed, but this is a conversational interview, and your interviewer will be waiting.) And if the question is one you don’t feel capable of answering, this moment can help tamp down any panic you feel. Think about how to approach the question (whatever it is) logically and clearly. Focus on the process, not whether the specific answer is absolutely correct.Talk it out. Again, this is a conversation with your interviewer, not the SATs, so it’s okay to talk through your rationale for your answer. The interviewer is mostly interested in how you’re arriving at your answer, so this helps them see what you’re getting at, and how.Ask questions. Not only is this a good stalling tactic while you think about what to say, but it can also show the interviewer that you’re not afraid to ask for clarification when necessary. You want to make sure you understand the question, and the interviewer might be able to provide helpful information (like what flavor of ice cream you’re trying to fit on the Titanic).So while these brainteasers might not be orthodox interview questions, and you may not come across them in every interview, it’s worth coming up with a game plan. And not only might you get a new job out of it when you wow them with your brainy answers, but who couldn’t use a battle plan in case you do happen upon that fighting bear?