International Marketing Rollout Plan Essay Example

International Marketing Rollout Plan Essay Discourse the Impact of Globalisation on the Automotive Industry. Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2 We will write a custom essay sample on International Marketing Rollout Plan specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on International Marketing Rollout Plan specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on International Marketing Rollout Plan specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Smaller Globe †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.. 3 Switching Tides †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 The Dynamics of Globalisation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8 Bibliography.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ .†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 Introduction Bhaqwati ( 2004, p 1 ) provinces that the term ‘globalisation’ â€Å"†¦ can intend many things.† In the context of international trade, he ( Bhaqwati, 2004, p 1-2 ) defines it as the â€Å"Economic globalization †¦ of national economic systems into the international economic system through trade, direct foreign investing, †¦ short-run capital flows, †¦ and flows of technology†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The importance and influence of international trade was recognized every bit early as 380 BC by Plato who observed â€Å"†¦ it is practically impossible to set up the metropolis in a part where it will non necessitate imports† ( Irwin, 1997, P 13 ) . The relevancy of the predating in footings of modern-day concerns and industries is best summed up by Michael Porter’s five basic forces that define the province of fight within an industry and therefore represents the underlying foundation upon which an scrutiny of the ‘Impact of global ization on the automotive industry’ shall be based ( Porter, 1979, Pp 21-22 ) : The menace of new entrants, Dickering power of providers, Dickering power of clients Menace of replacement merchandises or services The industry jockeying for place among current rivals Porter ( 1979, Pp 21 ) provinces that â€Å"The corporate strength of these forces determines the ultimate net income potency of an industry†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He adds that: â€Å"Whatever their corporate strength, the corporate strategist’s end is to happen a place in the industry where his or her company can outdo support itself from these forces or can act upon them in its favor† ( Porter, 1979, P -22 ) . Herein lies the premiss every bit good as points of scrutiny from which the ‘impact of globalization on the automotive industry’ shall be conducted. The automotive industry has been selected as the instance illustration as it impacts the economic systems of industrialised states more than any other merchandise and therefore their economic lucks in footings of trade shortages, occupations and balance of payments finds a strong correlativity in how this industry performs in a domestic sense every bit good as upon the universe phase. The Smaller Globe The forces of globalization has resulted in a reshaping of the international automotive industry as a consequence of consumer consciousness and the demand for companies to spread out their markets in the pursuit for increased unit production and stockholder value. The influence and effects of the media in conveying viing theoretical accounts, along with international athleticss events sponsorships, automotive magazines, the Internet and international racing events have created new kineticss ( Gordon, 2004 ) . The bosom of the issue nevertheless, is national economic sciences in the production and gross revenues of cars and their associated merchandises and serving represent ( Bernaldo de Quiros, 2004, Pp 66-75 ) . The automotive industry is the figure one consumer of steel and gum elastic and drives a host of associated industries and companies from gasolene to wirelesss, parts, providers and franchises. It is a accepted economic force. The United States automotive industry became th e universe leader as a consequence of its immense homogeneous market of 295,734,134 persons ( CIA World Factbook, 2005 ) , and represented the focal point of the industry from its origin through to early 2000 when the European Union replaced it as the world’s figure one trading zone as evidenced by its 462,371,237 persons in 25 member states ( Internet World Stats, 2006 ) . The kineticss of China’s burgeoning market ( Stark, 2005 ) will overshadow anything yet seen in automotive history as it seeks to provide vehicles to a population of 1,306,313,812 ( Yahoo Education, 2006 ) . The predating kineticss represent points one, three and five on Michael Porter’s ( 1979, Pp 21-22 ) list of ‘five basic forces: The menace of new entrants, Dickering power of providers, Dickering power of clients Menace of replacement merchandises or services The industry jockeying for place among current rivals The foregoing is a direct consequence of the shrinkage of the Earth as represented by increased communicating manners, telecasting, printed media, films and the Internet, every bit good as increased consumer consciousness and national economic policies. The Shaping of Changing Dynamics, The Past Influences the Present The predating displacements in economic features have changed the historical focal point of automotive makers from concentration on the United States market, to the universe phase. The first international car company was Ford. It founded Ford of Canada in 1904, and in turn established operations in England ( 1911 ) , Brazil ( 1919 ) , Germany and Australia ( 1925 ) , as it established its presence on the universe phase ( Detroit News.com, 2006 ) . But in truth, Karl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler put the first motor vehicle into production in 1885 ( Wright, 1996 ) . The first traces of the present twenty-four hours manifestations can be traced back to the Nipponese automotive enlargement in the United States in the 1980’s when the Nipponese car makers challenged and passed the United States in entire vehicles manufactured ( Wright, 1996 ) . Today, Nipponese automotive makers sell one out of every four vehicles purchased in the U.S. market ( Wright, 1996 ) . The present construction of the automotive industry sees Nipponese, German, British, American, Gallic, Italian vehicles being manufactured in other states in a true statement of globalization. The switching tides of the industry is evidenced by the size of the automotive makers as shown by the Fortune 500 Global list for 2000 and 2005: Table 1 – Fortune Global 500 Comparisons, Automotive Companies By Gross saless ( Fortune Magazine, 2000 ) ( Fortune Magazine, 2005 ) Rank Year Company Gross saless ( Bn ) Rank Year Company Gross saless 5 2000 General Motors 193 5 2005 General Motors 193 6 2000 Daimler Chrysler 192 6 2005 Daimler Chrysler 176 7 2000 Ford 170 7 2005 Toyota 172 8 2000 Toyota 165 8 2005 Ford 172 12 2000 VW 120 15 2005 VW 110 26 2000 Honda 78 27 2005 Honda 80 28 2000 Peugeot 77 29 2005 Nissan 79 35 2000 Nissan 71 41 2005 Peugeot 70 51 2000 Fiat 60 57 2005 Fiat 59 The comparative displacements represented by the predating Table indicates that the automotive giants in the United States are losing land, with one automotive company, Chrysler, now the acquisition of Daimler Benz, go forthing merely General Motors and Ford as the staying vehicle makers in the United States. Switching Tides The menaces to the United States laterality non longer entirely consists of market portion in that market. It is a factor of market portion and gross revenues on a planetary plane. And while U.S. made vehicles sell in their place state. They are practical shades in footings of planetary presence, and herein represent the stating effects of globalization, selling and merchandising merchandises internationally. The preceding is a merchandise of corporate civilization. International companies must hold an international outlook at the top of the corporate hierarchy in order to develop merchandises, and selling scheme suited to the universe phase ( Onkvisit et al, 2004, P 2 ) . The place market focal point as represented by the executive top direction of American automotive companies is working against them in the face of globalization. The really fact that Nipponese and European car makers focused on deriving U.S. market portion, every bit good as within the European Union and Africa eve ry bit good as Asia is functioning them good. The top direction constructions at European and Nipponese car makers has been skewed from an international position decennaries ago, and the net effects can be seen by their market incursion globally which sees an absence of American makers by and big. Ford and General Motors have a market presence in Europe through their Focus and Opel divisions, by their other trade name names such as Lincoln, Mercury, Chevrolet, Buick and Cadillac are notably absent. Onkvisit et Al, 2004, P 4 ) illustrates this position by the undermentioned definition â€Å"Domestic Marketing is concerned with the selling patterns within a †¦ marketer’s place country† . He farther illustrates this point by indicating to the advertisement motto of Lufthansa Airlines, which stated â€Å"You don’t learn to wing overseas overnight.† ( Onkvisit et al, 2004, P 6 ) . The predating clearly points to the advantages of holding a planetary position at the top of the organisational construction. The Dynamics of Globalisation The preceding is stating in that all of the companies other than Ford and GM, as represented in Table 1 derive their gross revenues as a consequence of get the hanging consumer design, characteristics, quality, distribution and merchandising in foreign markets. Globalisation calls for globally oriented merchandises. This means vehicle sizes, internal characteristics, engines and other constituents that fit the demands and dictates of differing markets. Companies such as Daimler Benz, Peugeot ( which does non sell vehicles in the U.S. market ) , VW, Toyota, Fiat and the others manufacture what are termed ‘world cars’ ( Camuffo, 2005, p 2 ) . These are described as vehicles that are designed for the narrower streets of foreign metropoliss, have efficient design engines for long-run lastingness, are monetary value witting and low-cost, and offer public-service corporation. See the size of vehicles manufactured and produced for the American market by Ford, General Motors, Da imler Benz, Toyota, BMW, and Nissan. Larger gasolene powered autos and SUV’s that entreaty to the market gustatory sensations of the American consumer. The preceding does non stand for the schemes that work in the European Union that is dominated by efficient Diesel engines, smaller public-service corporation hatchback type design that fits the smaller street breadth of Europe’s metropoliss ( Korth, 2005, Pp 35-42 ) . The European Union has put forth a ‘Competitive Automotive Regulatory System for the 21st Century’ , termed â€Å"CARS 21† ( European Commission, 2005 ) . The foregoing is in acknowledgment of the fact that vehicles represent â€Å"†¦ 3 % of Europe’s Gross Domestic Product, 7 % of employment in the fabrication sector and 8 % of EU governments’ entire revenue†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and is â€Å"†¦ a pillar of the European economy† ( European Commission, 2005, p 4 ) . â€Å"CARS 21† sets forth rigorous ordinances covering environmental and route safety developed specially in response to globalization issues ( European Commission, 2005, p 5 ) . The aim of â€Å"CARS 21† is to: â€Å"†¦ make recommendations for the short-run, medium, and long term populace policy and regulative model for the European automotive industry, which enhance planetary fight and employment while prolonging farther advancement in safety and environmental public presentation at a monetary value affordable to the consumer† ( European Commission, 2005, p 6 ) . Clearly, the predating points to the apprehension of the economic importance of the automotive industry and the menaces posed by globalization in consideration of Michael Porter’s ( 1979, Pp 21-22 ) list of ‘five basic forces: The menace of new entrants, Dickering power of providers, Dickering power of clients Menace of replacement merchandises or services The industry jockeying for place among current rivals Decision The impact of globalization on the automotive industry is seeing that the emerging markets such as â€Å"†¦ Brazil, India, and China†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ( Camuffo, 2005, p 2 ) every bit good as markets in Eastern Europe and Mexico represent parts that demand universe auto solutions in response to their peculiar market niceties and kineticss and are the new markets of growing. To run into these challenges calls for automotive makers to use new models in OEMs, supplier methodological analysis, part’s design, engineering use, logistics, works location and fabrication assembly and investing. The demands and demands of clients in these markets every bit good as the alone route and other conditions means that less expensive vehicles will hold to hold higher degrees of serviceableness and dependability. The preceding means that the markets will hold higher inputs in the dictates as to how these vehicles are designed. Flexibility with regard to the basic vehicle platform will be the norm, every bit good as the easiness of upgrading parts and characteristics to run into the turning demands of edification as these markets mature. The predating developments have heightened the bets in footings of growing as a consequence of the demands of globalization where â€Å"†¦ economic systems of graduated table and †¦ specialisation †¦Ã¢â‚¬  ( Camuffo, 2005, p 2 ) are the cardinal concern strategic considerations. The foregoing are factors, which represent easier challenges for those companies that â€Å"†¦ don’t learn to wing overseas overnight.† ( O nkvisit et al, 2004, P 6 ) . Bibliography Bernaldo de Quiros. ( 2004 ) .Why Globalization Works. Vol. 24. The Cato Journal Bhaqwati, Jagdish. ( 2004 ) . In Defense of Globalisation. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 0195170253 Camuffo, Arnaldo ( 2005 ) .Rolling Out a â€Å"World Car† : Globalization, Outsourcing and Modularity in the Auto Industry. University of Venice, Italy, Department of Business Economics and Management CIA World Factbook. ( 2005 ) .United States. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/us.html. Accessed 7 March 2006 Detroit News.com ( 2006 )Car of the Century? Ford’s Model T, of class. hypertext transfer protocol: //info.detnews.com/joyrides/story/index.cfm? id=75. Accessed 7 March 2006 European Comision ( 2005 )Cars 21. 13 January 2005. European Union Fortune Magazine. ( 2000 )Global 500. hypertext transfer protocol: //search.yahoo.com/search? p=fortune+global+500+list+1990 A ; ei=UTF-8 amp ; fr=FP-tab-web-t A ; b=11. Accessed 7 March 2006 Fortune Magaine ( 2005 )Global 500. hypertext transfer protocol: //money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/index.html. Accessed 7 March 2006 Gordon, Jacques. ( 2004 )Rushing Improves the Breed: Better rushing through modern engineering. May 2004. Aftermarket Business Internet World Stats ( 2006 )European Union. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.internetworldstats.com/europa.htm. Accessed 7 March 2006 Irwin, Douglas. ( 1997 ) .Against the Tide. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 0691058962 Korth, Kim. ( 2005 )Globalization: myths, speculatior A ; what you need to believe about.October 2005. Automotive Design A ; Production Onkvisit, Sak, Shaw, John. ( 2004 )International Marketing Strategy: Analysis and Strategy.Routledge Publishing. ISBN: 0415311330 Porter, Michael. ( 1997 ) .On Competition. Harvard Business School Press. ISBN: 0875847951 Stark, Jurgen. ( 2005 )The province of globalisation: A European insider studies the scene. Soring 2005. The International Economy Wright, Richard ( 1996 ) .A Brief History of the First 100 Old ages of the Automotive Industry in the United States.hypertext transfer protocol: //inventors.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm? site=http: //www.theautochannel.com/mania/industry.orig/history/ . Accessed 7 March 2006 Yahoo Education ( 2006 )China. hypertext transfer protocol: //education.yahoo.com/reference/factbook/ch/popula.html. Accessed 7 March 2006

Free Essays on The Great Transformations

The voyage in Charles Johnson’s Middle Passage can be equated to a rite of passage that changes the lives and views of all those involved. Since the main character, Rutherford Calhoun, is the only black member of a crew on the Republic, it is only natural that he would be influenced by the rest of the group. The likelihood of change is heightened by the fact that this vessel is transporting slaves as well as cargo. These slaves, referred to as the Allmuseri, undergo the most drastic change of anyone on the ship. These changes are not only influenced by the numerous cultures on the ship, but also by the gravity of the mutiny and extreme hardships that occur from being at sea as long as they were. The most significant change of any individual or group during this voyage is that of the Allmuseri. They were treated so horribly that one could see that it would only be a matter of time before they realized that they outnumbered the crew and decided to revolt. At the onset of the trip, they are not even treated as people as they are included on a list of cargo that would be transported on the Republic. (pg. 64-65) To add to this treatment, Calhoun describes how Capt. Falcon packs the slaves on the ship. He was, as they say, a tight-packer†¦ if you arranged Africans in two parallel rows, their backs against the lining of the ship’s belly, this left a free space at their rusty feet, and that, given the flexibility of bone and skin, could be squeezed with even more slaves if you made the squat at ninety-degree angles at one another. (pg. 120) As unimaginable as that may seem, this was not the worst treatment that the slaves received. During the course of the journey, the crew commits numerous atrocities against the slaves. For example, each one of them receives three brands to mark who owned them. (pg 121) Some violations are public humiliation. They parade the men around naked in front of their children. Other acts are more seriou... Free Essays on The Great Transformations Free Essays on The Great Transformations The voyage in Charles Johnson’s Middle Passage can be equated to a rite of passage that changes the lives and views of all those involved. Since the main character, Rutherford Calhoun, is the only black member of a crew on the Republic, it is only natural that he would be influenced by the rest of the group. The likelihood of change is heightened by the fact that this vessel is transporting slaves as well as cargo. These slaves, referred to as the Allmuseri, undergo the most drastic change of anyone on the ship. These changes are not only influenced by the numerous cultures on the ship, but also by the gravity of the mutiny and extreme hardships that occur from being at sea as long as they were. The most significant change of any individual or group during this voyage is that of the Allmuseri. They were treated so horribly that one could see that it would only be a matter of time before they realized that they outnumbered the crew and decided to revolt. At the onset of the trip, they are not even treated as people as they are included on a list of cargo that would be transported on the Republic. (pg. 64-65) To add to this treatment, Calhoun describes how Capt. Falcon packs the slaves on the ship. He was, as they say, a tight-packer†¦ if you arranged Africans in two parallel rows, their backs against the lining of the ship’s belly, this left a free space at their rusty feet, and that, given the flexibility of bone and skin, could be squeezed with even more slaves if you made the squat at ninety-degree angles at one another. (pg. 120) As unimaginable as that may seem, this was not the worst treatment that the slaves received. During the course of the journey, the crew commits numerous atrocities against the slaves. For example, each one of them receives three brands to mark who owned them. (pg 121) Some violations are public humiliation. They parade the men around naked in front of their children. Other acts are more seriou...

French Expressions With Un Tour

French Expressions With Un Tour The French word tour has different meanings depending on whether its masculine or feminine, and both words are found in idiomatic expressions. Learn how to say acrobatics, to play a trick on someone, Bobs your uncle and more with this list of expressions using  un tour. Using une tour, which is the feminine form of the word, you can learn how to say drilling rig, ivory tower, as big as a house and other idiomatic French expressions. Possible Meanings of Un Tour tourtripoutingcontour, outlinefeat, stunt, trickhatchlathemeasurement, girth(game) turn(situation or conversation) turn, twist(wheel) rotation, revolution, turn Possible Meanings ofUne Tour towersiege towerhigh-rise building(chess) castle, rook Expressions With Un Tour un tour dadresse   skillful feat/trickles tours dagilità ©   acrobaticsun tour de cartes   card trickun tour de chauffe   warm-up lap, practice runun tour pendable a  dirty trickun tour de chant   song recitalun tour de cochon (informal) dirty/mean trickun tour de cou   choker, collar neck measurementun tour de force   feat of strength amazing featle Tour de France   tour de France (cycling competition)le tour de garde   tour of dutyle tour dhonneur (sports) lap of honorle tour dhorizon   review, survey (of a situation)un tour de lit   valancele tour de main   dexterityun tour de passe-passe   conjouring trickun tour de passe-passe financier   financial sleight-of-handun tour de phrase   turn of phraseun tour de piste   lapun tour de reins   strained backun tour de salaud (familiar) nasty trickun tour de scrutin   ballotun tour de table   group discussion (finance) capital structurele tour de ville   city tourun tour de vis   turn of a screwun tour de vis fiscal   tax squeezeun tour de vis militaire/politique   military/political crackdownle premier/second tour (politics, sports) the first/second roundun quart de tour   quarter turnun rà ©gime de ___ tours (minute)   (motor, engine) ___ RPM (revolutions per minute)un sale tour a  dirty/mean tricktour tour   in turn, by turns, alternatelyun 33 tours   (record, album) LPun 45 tours   (record, album) singleun 78 tours   (record, album) 78acquà ©rir un tour de main   to pick up a knackattendre son tour   to wait ones turnavoir plus dun tour dans son sac   to have more than one trick up ones sleeveavoir un tour de main   to have a knackfaire demi-tour (figurative) to make a U-turn, do an about-facefaire le tour de   (place) to go around, look around, explore / (idea, possibility) to explore / (problem) to consider all anglesfaire le tour du cadran   to go around the clockfaire un demi-tour  Ã‚  to do a U-turn, an about-turnfaire u n tour de chevaux de bois   to ride a merry-go-roundfaire chacun son tour   to each do (something) in turn, to take turnsfaire un tour dEurope, de France   to tour Europe, Francefaire le tour des invità ©s   to do the rounds of the guestsfaire un tour de manà ¨ge   to ride a merry-go-roundfaire le tour du monde   to go around the worldfaire un tour pied   to go for a walkfaire un tour quelquun   to play a trick on someonefaire des tours et des dà ©tours   to meander, wind in and out, twist and turnfermer une porte double tour   to double-lock a doorjouer un tour quelquun   to play a trick on someoneparler son tour   to speak in turnparler chacun son tour   to each speak in turnpasser son tour   to miss ones turnperdre son tour   to lose ones turnprendre son tour   to take ones turn qui le tour  ?   Whose turn is it? tour de bras   with all ones strength/might tour de rà ´le   in turn, alternately ton / votre tour (de jouer)   Its your turnCest reparti pour un tour  ! (informal) Here we go again!Cest un tour prendre.   Its just a knack you pick up.Cest ton / votre tour   Its your turnChacun son tour  !   Wait your turn!en un tour de main   in no time at all / prolifically / with a vengeanceEt le tour est jouà ©Ã‚  !   And there you have it! And Bobs your uncle!Je lui rà ©serve un tour ma faà §on  !   Ill get him back in my own way!On en a vite fait le tour   (place) Theres not much to see / (book, idea) Theres not much to it / (person) Theres not much to him/herSi on faisait le tour  ?   Shall we walk around it?Votre tour viendra   Your turn will come Expressions With Une Tour la tour de Babel   tower of Babella tour de contrà ´le  (aviation) control towerla tour Eiffel   Eiffel Towerla tour de forage   drilling rigla tour de  guet   watch tower, look-out towerla tour  hertzienne   radio mastla tour de  lhorloge   clock towerla tour  divoire   ivory towerla tour de Londres   tower of Londonla tour  dune  mosquà ©e   minaretla tour de Pise   Leaning Tower of PisaCest une vraie tour   S/hes as big as a houseà ªtre  gros  comme  une  tour, à ªtre massif  comme  une  tour   to be as big as a house, to be very fat

Current Evet to American Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Current Evet to American Politics - Essay Example However, neither Senator Clinton's association with a highly popular former president nor the ever-increasing unpopularity of the Republican Party, are sufficient guarantees of a Democratic victory. Indeed, as may be inferred from Healey's (2007) article, the complexities inherent in both the party primaries and the presidential elections are certain to make this a difficult race for Senator Clinton. The 2008 elections, whether for either party's nomination or the presidency, are largely complicated by the fact that they represent the first non-incumbent or open-seat race in exactly eight decades. As the American government and political science scholars, Petrocik and Desposato (2004) explain, party primaries and presidential elections usually feature an incumbent as a contender. Ever since 1928, sitting presidents or vice-presidents have joined the presidential race as candidates and, irrespective of whether they win or loose, often pose as extremely strong contenders. In the 2008 elections, no incumbents are running for the presidency or either the Democratic or Republican Primaries. To an extent, this may work in favor of Senator Clinton's race for her party's nomination and, if successful, for the presidency, insofar as she may be classified as a semi-incumbent.

Organization behavior of Frontier Airlines Research Paper

Organization behavior of Frontier Airlines - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that for an organization to succeed in the realization of its goals and objectives, it must have a clear vision, mission, and proper strategies. Furthermore, all members of the organization must pursue to achieve a better state than its current situation. The underlying factor is improving future returns of the organization through consistent evaluation of a positive trend.   The southwest airline, therefore, has laid down appropriate measures that it perceived vital to operation and success in the industry.   Having worked to this company for 3years it is worth clarifying that Frontier Airlines operational success has been supported by consistent organizational transformation and motivation towards the leading airline in the United States and globally. The company has diversified from the usual simple concepts of hospitality and reservations to an institution that recognizes the effort of employees as a crucial component of an organiza tion. Moreover, southwest Airline values employees’ role in diversity. The organization values the need for change embraces the technology and believes that good leadership enhances productivity. The original southwest airline was founded in 1971 by two pioneers Rollin King and Herb Kelleher to plying the route through Dallas to San Antonio.   It gained popularity in the  1980s as the first airline that offered low-cost carriage by giving an  opportunity to the passengers’ discounts in their cost of freight per mile distance.

Report on Data Management Essay Example for Free

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Legal Compliance: Payroll data would be important for the HM Revenue and Customs to calculate taxes whereas health and safety records can help the company to improve their environment and allow them to be compliant with the Health and Safety Act. Also certain data can be used as evidence in any legal proceedings that the company may have to face. Types of HR Data and how it supports HR ‘Monitoring records enables personnel to amend or reformulate policies and procedures.’(Personnel data and record keeping, 2011) Below are 2 types of data that HR collects:  Recruitment and Selection- records on staff turnover and vacancies can be important for HR as it informs them when and for which team to recruit for and also allows them to see the trend in each team depending on its staff turnover. This would also include appraisal records which would inform them if an employee or team needs training. Absence Data-the absence reports, complied from the absence data gives HR an indication of which department is suffering most from high absentees and allows them to rethink the working patterns. It also helps them to calculate the cost of absenteeism to the organisation. Data Storage and its Benefits Data can be stored in several methods. However, below are 2 key methods which can be used along with their benefits. 1. Manual / Paper based- keeping records on paper in a filing cabinet Files cannot be destroyed with any virus Information can be accessed without any password restrictions Members do not need to be PC literate to find data 2. Computerised filing More than one user can access the information at the same time Large volumes of data can be stored and accessed easily  Data can be used to compile reports and identify trends with the latest programmes on computer Most companies prefer their records to be stored electronically as it is efficient and easily accessible. However, there are  certain companies which use both methods as certain records do not need to be stored for a longer period of time, hence can be filed away in cabinets. Essential UK legislations relating to recording, storing and accessing HR data There are several legislations that affect the retention of HR data. Below are two such legislations. Data Protection Act 1998 (DPA) DPA applies to most HR records, whether held in paper or on computer. DPA controls how personal information of living individuals is used by organisations, businesses or the government. It came into force on March 2000. There are 8 data protection principles the data controller needs to comply to in order to handle data correctly: 1. ‘adequate, relevant and not excessive 2. fairly and lawfully processed 3. processed for limited purposes 4. accurate 5. not kept for longer than is necessary 6. processed in line with your rights 7. secure 8. not transferred outside EU without adequate protection’ (Employment Law FAQ, 2013) Every company that processes personal information must be registered with the Information Commissioners Office (ICO), unless they are exempt. The ICO, which is UK’s independent supervisory authority, ensures that the DPA as well as other data protection/retention legislations are followed by organisations and it can prosecute them for not doing so. Freedom of Information Act 2000 (FOI) The FOI came into force on January 2005. It gives the public a right of access to all types of recorded information held by public authorities, however there are few exceptions to these right as not all personal records can be obtained by public, such records can be requested under the DPA. Government departments, local authorities, the NHS, state schools and police forces are few of the public authorities. Conclusion This report explains that recording and storing data is very important. Every  company has a different method and reason of storing data; however, handling data correctly is important for all. There are several legislations that can affect the data retention and not complying with these legislations can have an adverse effect on the company’s reputation. Reference List CIPD, 2013.Retention of HR Records.[online] Available at: www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/factsheets [Accessed 13 June 2014] ACAS, 2011. Personnel data and record keeping.[online] Available at: www.acas.org.uk [Accessed 12 June 2014] CIPD 2013. DP04: What is data protection and what are the eight data protection principles?.[online] Available at: www.cipd.co.uk [Accessed 17 June 2014] Activity 2 Analysing Absence Data in Examinations Team Introduction The report includes findings and analysis of different reasons of absence within an Examinations Team from May-December in 2013. The final segment of the report concludes the analysis along with recommendations to overcome the core reasons of absence. Absence Level in Examinations Team There are two apparent findings from the graph (data in appendix 1), the high levels of absence from May-June due to stress and from October- December due to viral problems: May-June: due to peak season of exams, the examinations team is required to do ample preparations from planning, supervising and marking exams to attending board meetings. This therefore, becomes very stressful for the team as ‘the most common cause of stress†¦is workload’ (Barometer of HR Trends and Prospects, 2013) and as each person is only trained in their individual role there are issues of ‘presenteeism’. October-December: during this season many people fall sick due to bad weather. However, the outbreak of the Norovirus in 2013 could also be the reason for the viral problems to increase. Also, due to Christmas parties in December it further causes the virus to spread from contaminated food. Conclusion The study indicates that stress and viral issues were two implications the examinations team suffered from in 2013.Stress is a common issue in several workplaces as mentioned in the Absence Management report by CIPD and it can be costly. To overcome the issue, two possible recommendations are: Stress- 1. Hire temporary staff during busy period 2. Train team members to share workload and prevent presenteeism, where employees feel forced to come into work. Viral Problems- 1. Give free flu vaccination to employees 2. Communicate awareness regarding the virus Appendix 1: Number of Employees Absent by Reasons in 2013 (a) Musculoskeletal- back, neck and other muscle pain (b) Ear, Nose, Dental pain and skin disorder Reference List BPP. (2013).Appendix 1 of Number of Employees Absent by Reasons in 2013. London: BPP CIPD, 2013.barometer of HR trends and prospects 2013.[online] Available at: www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/survey-reports[Accessed 18June 2014]

Applying Staining Techniques to View and Identify Bacteria Essay

Abstract The main objective of this lab was to identify different bacteria by simple, negative, and gram staining. To view each bacteria cell, the bacteria was transferred aseptically to a slide, and they were then viewed by using oil immersion, by a light microscope. From this lab, it was determined that E. coli and B. megaterium are gram negative and B. subtilis and S. Marcesans are gram positive. Introduction The purpose of this lab was to view the different characteristics of bacteria by applying various staining techniques. It is important to know the make up if a certain bacteria so an antibiotic may be engineered to destroy the bacteria. From the gram stain, it was possible to determine which bacteria was gram positive or gram negative. This is important because gram-negative bacteria are generally more toxic (due to the lipopolysaccaride) are resistant to antibiotics than the gram-positive bacteria. Methods The materials used for this lab were: 1. A light microscope 2. Four glass slides 3. And inoculating loop 4. A Bunsen Burner 5. Bacteria (E.coli, S...

Whales in Captivity

Killer Whales Deserve Freedom Kimberly Hall COM 155 November 27, 2011 Mara Galvez Killer Whales Deserve Freedom Orcas are complex social creatures deserving freedom and respect, not captivity in theme parks under the guise of public education and entertainment. Aquarium staffs say captive whales are priceless educational tools. However, people can educate their children by bringing them to the wild instead of bringing the wild to them at the expense of the Orcas health and well-being. The price of a family admission ticket is what continues to drive this cruel spectacle,† according to Michael O' Sullivan, the Executive Director of The Humane Society of Canada (Whales in Captivity, 2010, Para. 3). Orcas suffer in many ways in captivity, and are subject to many stressful situations they would never encounter in the wild. Captivity changes not only their mental state but also their physical appearance. One of the most salient physical effects of captivity is dorsal fin disfigurati on.In the captive population, almost every male has a flopped dorsal fin, and most females have at least some bend to their dorsal. In the wild, male dorsal fins can exceed heights of six feet straight up. The best theory is that the dorsal fin flops from the force of gravity. Dorsal fins are made of cartilage, not bone. Orcas are one of the fastest mammals in the sea; they can reach speeds up to 30 miles per hour. Orcas can dive underwater to depths of close to 200 feet. When diving, the animal’s heart rate slows from 60 beats per minute to 30 beats per minute.Meanwhile, oxygen-carrying blood diverts away from the extremities, and then navigates toward the heart, lungs, and brain, where there is more oxygen needed. These biological changes permit the animal to conserve oxygen while submerged for longer periods of time (About Orcas – Physical Characteristics, 2005). In the wild Orcas have support from the water, keeping their dorsal erect. In captivity, Orcas are at th e surface constantly for feeding, training, and petting purposes, and swim only in circles so there is very little dorsal support, thus causing the dorsal to flop [ (Bohn, 2011) ].Orcas in captivity suffer from more than just physical imperfections. Dosed with drugs to help the killer whales deal with stress, they suffer terribly in marine parks. Animals and humans share the same immune system. Just as stress reduces our immune system, it does the same to the killer whale. Therefore, stress has been an indirect cause of death in captive killer whales. Killer whales in captivity experiencing stress tend to beat their head against the walls of their tanks until it bleeds. At least three captive whales have killed themselves with this repetitive motion brought on by stress.Have you ever heard of this happening in the wild? Not only does it not happen, an Orca in the wild would never bring bodily harm upon itself. Denial of their right to live in their true habitat where they belong cau ses the killer whales much stress, frustration, anxiety, and sadly aggression. In the wild Orcas, do not attack humans as they have in marine parks. As Barry (2010, Para, 12) explained, â€Å"Isolation among marine animals is highly stressful, which leads to abnormal behavior. † Marine parks such as Sea World have what they call petting pods, where the children can pet and feed the Orcas.Orcas are given tranquilizers to help them deal with the stress and anxiety of human contact. People might not be so eager to pet these wild mammals if they knew everything the Orca had to go through just so they could pet them for a minute or two. (Smith, 2010) Along with the stress of living in a marine park, Orcas suffer extreme stress being away from their family members. In the wild Orcas travel with their family (pods) that range anywhere from five to 25 family members (Orcas). Orcas families are very close knit. They mostly travel in pods that include their parents, grandparents, child ren, etc.Taking the Orca away from their family causes them much stress, anxiety, and depression. In the wild, their offspring stay with them and travel with them. Orcas, related by blood, remain together for the duration of their lives. In captivity, the aquarium staff removes their offspring (calves) from them at a very young age. For Orcas, known to be the one mammal that is closest to the human race as far as family, feelings, and social behaviors, it would be equivalent to a human being removed from their family to never see them again, to never speak to them again. Smith, 2010) In the wild, Orcas have constant communication with their pods (family). To communicate with their pods (family) in the wild Orcas use echolocation. Mandell (2010) describes echolocation as, â€Å"The process of moving air between the sinuses in their heads to make high-pitched sound (p. 2). The vibrations travel underwater until they encounter objects and then rebound back creating audible tones the w hales use for navigation. Their sound waves go so far that they never come back to the Orca who sent it. What comes back is the voice (sound waves) of another Orca (family member).In captivity, these high-pitched sounds can only travel to the wall of the tank and bounce back. Thus, causing the sound (the Orcas own voice) to bounce back and forth repeatedly which in time can drive a killer whale insane. It would be equivalent to keeping a human in a room, in solitary, who is constantly hearing voices. Being isolated in a small tank (approximately the size of two Orcas), splashing spectators with your tail, and doing tricks several times a day for years would make any species go crazy. I agree that watching magnificent Orcas performing tricks with a human trainer is not educational.Unfortunately, watching one snap and kill a trainer is educational, but only if the lesson changes the minds and actions of its captors. Orcas are complex social creatures deserving of freedom and respect. There are currently 42 killer whales in captivity worldwide. Out of the 194 killer whales in captivity since 1964, two-thirds died within 10 years, and less than 30 survived longer than 20 years in captivity [ (Mandell, 2010) ]. To keep them in captivity disguised under education and entertainment is nothing more than cruel and unusual treatment.They suffer physically, socially and mentally. Captivity is more detrimental to the welfare of the Orca than the wild could ever be. Watching Orcas in their natural habitat is far more educational than watching them perform tricks in a marine park. [ (Santich, 2010) ] OR [ (Orlando, 2011) ] YOU DECIDE References About Orcas – Physical Characteristics. (2005). Retrieved December 7, 2011, from orca-zone: http://www. orca-zone. com/aboutorcas/index. html Barry, J. (2010, August 26). Killer is prized, feared, stressed: Life won't change much for Tilikum, the orca that drowned a trainer at Seaworld.St Petersburg Times . St Petersburg, FL, United States. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/docview/264384772/1338068E48F8B67489/1? accountid=35812 Bohn, G. (2011, November 28). Killer whales and captivity; What threat, if any, does life in the aquarium bubble pose to the health of these giant sea mammals. The Edmonton Journal . Edmonton, Alta, Canada. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/docview/251763683/133805C5287EFA914D/1? accountid=35812 Mandell, M. (2010, June 29).Short history on killer whales. Bergen County, N. J, United States. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/365980652? accountid=35812 Orlando, S. W. Orca Collapsed Dorsal Fin. (picture). Captive orcas. Sea World Orlando, Orlando. Retrieved from http://pediaview. com/openpedia/Captive_orcas Santich, K. Free Willy? Conservationists say this is how orcas should live — in the wild. SeaWorld tragedy — a reminder of why orcas should swim free? Whale and Dolphin Co nservation Society. (picture) Retrieved from http://blogs. orlandosentinel. om/changetheworld/2010/02/a-tragic-reminder-of-why-killer-whales-should-not-live-at-marine-parks. html/orcinus_orca_5 Smith, J. (2010, June 11). Captive Killer Whales. The Ecologist . United Kingdom. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/docview/234920905/1338063BFFA6E62ABF8/1? accountid=35812 Whales in Captivity – Spectacularly Cruel – says Humane Society of Canada. (2010, July 1). The Canada Newswire . Ottawa, British Columbia, Canada. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/docview/455947023/133806FC22464623DC8/6? accountid=35812

The Soldier – Rupert Broke

â€Å"The Soldier† is a sonnet-type poem composed by a First World War veteran and also a war poet named Rupert Brooke. This sonnet finds a soldier speculating about his possible death as we goes away to war, which he feels should not be mourned, but understood as part of a selfless tribute to his much-loved England. This poem was written as the First World War broke out in 1914, as part of a series of many sonnets written by Rupert Brooke. Patriotism is a true form of love.It is a form of love which is pure, yet which has the ability to rage fire for the sake of itself. It is the form of love which is unconditional, immense, true and real for one's land, one's true mother. Rupert Brooke has presented his patriotism in a spectacular way in this poem. The poem encompasses the memories of a fallen soldier who declares his patriotism to his homeland by stating that his sacrifice shall be the eternal ownership of England. It also deals with the death and accomplishments of a soldi er.In the opening lines Rupert Brooke has presented his patriotism in such a forceful expression that he considers the sand in which he would be buried, be it a foreign land, will become an English sand, the richness of which will further be increased by the fertility of an English body of a passionately patriotic soul. The idea of an unnamed â€Å"corner of a foreign field† where the soldier will be buried speaks of the unsung and anonymous nature of death in war. Yet the notion that this small space will â€Å"forever† be part of England elevates the sacrifice the soldier makes— as if he has in a small way conquered this land.The soft alliteration here lends these opening lines a subdued tone. He goes on to say that England was his birth place and it shaped what kind of person he became. It influenced his thoughts and beliefs. England taught him about love, loyalty, and honor. His soul will be immortal, because he fought for England. The association and inclin ation of his mind and body towards his country is vigorously explained when he claims to create an English land, of an English body, bore by England, brought up by England and educated and fed by England, in the land he will be buried.The poet also emphasizes on England’s abundance and pastoral beauty as a kind gift. He refers to himself as a child who grew up under the English sunshine; bathe in the English rivers, breathing the fresh air of the English countryside and whose destiny is shaped by the nation itself. His death is justified, because he died for England. His evil deeds don't matter anymore, because he did what was right; he fought for his country. Whatever evil things he had done will be forgiven as he died while defending his motherland.His preceding desire is for all present and future generations to think that his heart is reconciled to the good of his country with no evil intentions hidden, but a lively mind in the afterlife which will project the fondest tho ughts given by England. His death allows him to only remember the good things about England. It also allows for someone else to come and take his place. He is passing on all the dreams and thoughts that England taught him onto the next generation of soldier; so that he can fight with as much heart and honor as he did. The soldier lists all the wonderful experiences that the soldier has gained from England.These pleasant thoughts and memories will be given back to God as the soldier becomes one with Him. The sights and sounds that are experienced by the poet in his younger days and the boyhood dreams that are as clear as the day, the laughter of youth from the circle of friends and that gentleness of heart, whose soul will rest in peace under an English heaven. The poem ends with a startling proposition— the soldier finds rest and peace at last in heaven, but heaven has been transformed by the thoughts and memories that the soldier has given to God.This heaven is now â€Å"an English heaven†: the connection with England will remain forever unbroken. The sonnet’s turn from an idyllic or idealized vision of England to the idea of a transcendent and literally heavenly England is complete. These final lines are showing the happiness that England has given him. And because he fought for England he will forever be at peace in an English heaven with only good thoughts and laughter in his heart. The plot of this poem reinforces its meaning because it deals with death and love.These are two powerful things that evoke feeling in people. It helps to create an image in the poem of a man who is very brave and would do anything for his country. The meaning in the poem is straightforward. The author dedicates the poem to death and love. QESTION Q. Describe the way Rupert Brooke feels about England. What does he mean by â€Å"a richer dust†? Answer: â€Å"The Soldier† is a sonnet-type poem composed by a First World War veteran and also a war poet named Rupert Brooke.This sonnet finds a soldier speculating about his possible death as we goes away to war, which he feels should not be mourned, but understood as part of a selfless tribute to his much-loved England. This poem was written as the First World War broke out in 1914, as part of a series of many sonnets written by Rupert Brooke. Patriotism is a true form of love. It is a form of love which is pure, yet which has the ability to rage fire for the sake of itself. It is the form of love which is unconditional, immense, true and real for one's land, one's true mother.Rupert Brooke has presented his patriotism in a spectacular way in this poem. The poem encompasses the memories of a fallen soldier who declares his patriotism to his homeland by stating that his sacrifice shall be the eternal ownership of England. Rupert Brooke has presented his patriotism in such a forceful expression that he considers the sand in which he would be buried, be it a foreign land, will beco me an English sand, the richness of which will further be increased by the fertility of an English body of a passionately patriotic soul.The idea of an unnamed â€Å"corner of a foreign field† where the soldier will be buried speaks of the unsung and anonymous nature of death in war. Yet the notion that this small space will â€Å"forever† be part of England elevates the sacrifice the soldier makes— as if he has in a small way conquered this land. He goes on to say that England was his birth place and it shaped what kind of person he became. It influenced his thoughts and beliefs. England taught him about love, loyalty, and honor. His soul will be immortal, because he fought for England.The association and inclination of his mind and body towards his country is vigorously explained when he claims to create an English land, of an English body, bore by England, brought up by England and educated and fed by England, in the land he will be buried. The poet also emph asizes on England’s abundance and pastoral beauty as a kind gift. He refers to himself as a child who grew up under the English sunshine; bathe in the English rivers, breathing the fresh air of the English countryside and whose destiny is shaped by the nation itself. His death is justified, because he died for England.His evil deeds don't matter anymore, because he did what was right; he fought for his country. Whatever evil things he had done will be forgiven as he died while defending his motherland. His preceding desire is for all present and future generations to think that his heart is reconciled to the good of his country with no evil intentions hidden, but a lively mind in the afterlife which will project the fondest thoughts given by England. He is passing on all the dreams and thoughts that England taught him onto the next generation of soldier; so that he can fight with as much heart and honor as he did.The sights and sounds that are experienced by the poet in his y ounger days and the boyhood dreams that are as clear as the day, the laughter of youth from the circle of friends and that gentleness of heart, whose soul will rest in peace under an English heaven. The soldier finds rest and peace at last in heaven, but heaven has been transformed by the thoughts and memories that the soldier has given to God. This heaven is now â€Å"an English heaven†: the connection with England will remain forever unbroken. The sonnet’s turn from an idyllic or idealized vision of England to the idea of a transcendent and literally heavenly England is complete.These final lines are showing the happiness that England has given him. As he fought for England he will forever be at peace in an English heaven with only good thoughts and laughter in his heart. The poet indicates himself by the word â€Å"a richer dust†. He says that the richness of the foreign land where he will die will be enriched by the fertility of an English body of a passiona tely patriotic soul. This poem deals with the death and accomplishments of a soldier. The author dedicates the poem to death and love.

George Washington Carver, Agricultural Chemist

George Washington Carver, Agricultural Chemist George Washington Carver (January 1, 1864–January 5, 1943) was an agricultural chemist who discovered 300 uses for peanuts as well as hundreds of uses for soybeans, pecans, and sweet potatoes. His work provided a much needed boost to southern farmers who benefited economically from his recipes and improvements to adhesives, axle grease, bleach, buttermilk, chili sauce, fuel briquettes, ink, instant coffee, linoleum, mayonnaise, meat tenderizer, metal polish, paper, plastic, pavement, shaving cream, shoe polish, synthetic rubber, talcum powder, and wood stain. Fast Facts: George Washington Carver Known For: Agricultural chemist who discovered 300 uses for peanuts as well as hundreds of uses for other cropsAlso Known As: The Plant Doctor, The Peanut ManBorn: January 1, 1864  in Diamond, MissouriParents: Giles and Mary CarverDied: January 5, 1943  in Tuskegee, AlabamaEducation: Iowa State University  (BA, 1894; MS, 1896)Published Works: Carver published 44 agricultural bulletins laying out his findings, while at the Tuskegee Institute, as well as numerous articles in peanut industry journals and a syndicated newspaper column, Professor Carvers Advice.Awards and Honors: The George Washington Carver Monument was established in 1943 west of Diamond, Missouri on the plantation where Carver was born. Carver appeared on U.S. commemorative postal stamps in 1948 and 1998, as well as a commemorative half dollar coin minted between 1951 and 1954, and many schools bear his name, as well as two United States military vessels.  Notable Quote: No books ever go into my laboratory. The thing I am to do and the way are revealed to me the moment I am inspired to create something new. Without God to draw aside the curtain, I would be helpless. Only alone can I draw close enough to God to discover His secrets. Early Life Carver was born on Jan. 1, 1864 near Diamond Grove, Missouri on the farm of Moses Carver. He was born into difficult and changing times near the end of the Civil War. The infant Carver and his mother were kidnapped by Confederate night-raiders and possibly sent away to Arkansas. Moses found and reclaimed Carver after the war, but his mother had disappeared forever. The identity of Carvers father remains unknown, although he believed his father was a slave from a neighboring farm. Moses and his wife reared Carver and his brother as their own children. It was on the Moses farm that Carver first fell in love with nature and collected in earnest all manner of rocks and plants, earning him the nickname The Plant Doctor. Education Carver began his formal education at the age of 12, which required him to leave the home of his adopted parents. Schools were segregated by race at that time and schools for black students werent available near Carvers home. He moved to Newton County in southwest Missouri, where he worked as a farmhand and studied in a one-room schoolhouse. He went on to attend Minneapolis High School in Kansas. College entrance was also a struggle because of racial barriers. At the age of 30, Carver gained acceptance to Simpson College in Indianola, Iowa, where he was the first black student. Carver studied piano and art but the college did not offer science classes. Intent on a science career, he later transferred to Iowa Agricultural College (now Iowa State University) in 1891, where he gained a Bachelor of Science degree in 1894 and a Master of Science degree in bacterial botany and agriculture in 1896. Carver became a member of the faculty of the Iowa State College of Agriculture and Mechanics (he was the first black faculty member at the Iowa college), where he taught classes about soil conservation and chemurgy. Tuskegee Institute In 1897, Booker T. Washington, founder of the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute for Negroes, convinced Carver to come south and serve as the schools director of agriculture, where he remained until his death in 1943. At Tuskegee, Carver developed his crop rotation method, which revolutionized southern agriculture. He educated the farmers on methods to alternate the soil-depleting cotton crops with soil-enriching crops such as peanuts, peas, soybeans, sweet potato, and pecans. Americas economy was heavily dependent upon agriculture during this era, making Carvers achievements very significant. Decades of growing only cotton and tobacco had depleted the southern region of the United States. The economy of the farming South had also been devastated during the Civil War years and by the fact that the cotton and tobacco plantations could no longer use slave labor. Carver convinced southern farmers to follow his suggestions and helped the region to recover. Carver also worked at developing industrial applications from agricultural crops. During World War I, he found a way to replace the textile dyes formerly imported from Europe. He produced dyes of 500 different shades and was responsible for the invention of a process for producing paints and stains from soybeans. For that, he received three separate patents. Later Years and Death After finding fame, Carver toured the nation to promote his findings as well as the importance of agriculture and science in general for the rest of his life. He also wrote a syndicated newspaper column, Professor Carvers Advice, explaining his inventions and other agricultural topics. In 1940, Carver donated his life savings to establish the Carver Research Foundation at Tuskegee for continuing research in agriculture. Carver died on Jan. 5, 1943, at the age of 78 after falling down the stairs at his home. He was buried next to Booker T. Washington on the Tuskegee Institute grounds.   Legacy Carver was widely recognized for his achievements and contributions. He was given an honorary doctorate from Simpson College, named an honorary member of the Royal Society of Arts in London, England, and received the Spingarn Medal given every year by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. In 1939, he received the Roosevelt medal for restoring southern agriculture. On July 14, 1943, The George Washington Carver Monument was established west of Diamond, Missouri, on the plantation where Carver was born and lived as a child. President Franklin Roosevelt provided $30,000 for the 210-acre complex, which includes a statue of Carver as well as a nature trail, museum, and cemetery. Additionally, Carver appeared on U.S. commemorative postal stamps in 1948 and 1998, as well as a commemorative half dollar coin minted between 1951 and 1954. Many schools bear his name, as do two United States military vessels. Carver did not patent or profit from most of his products. He freely gave his discoveries to mankind. His work transformed the South from being a one-crop land of cotton to a region of multi-crop farmlands, with farmers having hundreds of profitable uses for their new crops. Perhaps the best summary of his legacy is the epitaph that appears on his gravesite: He could have added fortune to fame, but caring for neither, he found happiness and honor in being helpful to the world. Sources â€Å"Distinguished Alumni | Iowa State University Admissions.†Ã‚  Admissions, iastate.edu.â€Å"George Washington Carver.†Ã‚  Biography.com, AE Networks Television, 17 Apr. 2019.â€Å"George Washington Carver Publications from the Tuskegee Institute Bulletin, 1911-1943 3482.†Ã‚  George Washington Carver Publications from the Tuskegee Institute Bulletin, 1911-1943.â€Å"Learn About the Park.†Ã‚  National Parks Service, U.S. Department of the Interior.Kettler, Sara. â€Å"7 Facts on George Washington Carver.†Ã‚  Biography.com, AE Networks Television, 12 Apr. 2016.

USS Pennsylvania (BB-38) in World War II

USS Pennsylvania (BB-38) in World War II Commissioned in 1916, USS Pennsylvania (BB-38) proved to be a workhorse for the US Navys surface fleet for over thirty years.   Taking part in World War I (1917-1918), the battleship later survived the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and saw extensive service across the Pacific during World War II (1941-1945).   With the end of the war, Pennsylvania provided a final service as a target ship during the 1946 Operation Crossroads atomic testing. A New Design Approach After designing and constructing five classes of dreadnought battleships, the US Navy concluded that future ships should make use of a set of standardized tactical and operational traits. This would allow these vessels to operate together in combat and would simplify logistics. Designated the Standard-type, the next five classes were propelled by  oil-fired boilers rather than coal, saw the removal of amidships turrets, and utilized an â€Å"all or nothing† armor scheme.   Among these alterations, the transition to oil was made with the goal of increasing the vessel’s range as the US Navy believed this would be critical in any future naval war with Japan. The new all or nothing armor arrangement called for critical areas of the vessel, such as magazines and engineering, to be heavily armored while less important spaces were left unprotected. Also, Standard-type battleships were to be capable of a  minimum top speed of 21 knots and have a tactical turn radius of 700 yards.   Construction Incorporating these design characteristics, USS Pennsylvania (BB-28) was laid down at the Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company on October 27, 1913. The lead ship of its class, its design came about following the US Navys General Board ordering a new class of battleships in 1913 which mounted twelve 14 guns, twenty-two 5 guns, and an armor scheme similar to the earlier Nevada-class. The Pennsylvania-class main guns were to be mounted in four triple turrets while propulsion was to be provided by steam driven geared turbines turning four propellers. Increasingly concerned about improvements in torpedo technology, the US Navy directed that the new ships utilize a four layer system of armor. This employed multiple layers of thin plate, separated by air or oil, outboard of the main armor belt. The goal of this system was to dissipate the explosive force of a torpedo before it reached the ships primary armor. World War I Launched on March 16, 1915 with Miss Elizabeth Kolb as its sponsor, Pennsylvania was commissioned the follow year on June 16. Joining the US Atlantic Fleet, with Captain Henry B. Wilson in command, the new battleship became the commands flagship that October when Admiral Henry T. Mayo transferred his flag on board. Operating off the East Coast and in the Caribbean for the remainder of the year, Pennsylvania returned to Yorktown, VA in April 1917 just as the United States entered World War I. As the US Navy began deploying forces to Britain, Pennsylvania remained in American waters as it used fuel oil rather than coal like many of the Royal Navys vessels. Since tankers could not be spared to transport fuel abroad, Pennsylvania and the US Navys other oil-fired battleships conducted operations off the East Coast for the duration of the conflict. In December 1918, with the war ended, Pennsylvania escorted President Woodrow Wilson, aboard SS George Washington, to France for the Paris Peace Conference. USS Pennsylvania (BB-38) Overview Nation: United StatesType: BattleshipShipyard: Newport News Shipbuilding Drydock CompanyLaid Down: October 27, 1913Launched: March 16, 1915Commissioned: June 12, 1916Fate: Scuttled February 10, 1948 Specifications (1941) Displacement: 31,400 tonsLength: 608 ft.Beam: 97.1 ft.Draft: 28.9 ft.Propulsion: 4 propellers driven by 1 Ãâ€" Bureau Express and 5 Ãâ€" White-Forster boilersSpeed: 21 knotsRange: 10,688 miles at 15 knotsComplement: 1,358 men Armament Guns 12 Ãâ€" 14 in. (360 mm)/45 cal guns (4 triple turrets)14 Ãâ€" 5 in./51 cal. guns12 Ãâ€" 5 in./25 cal. anti-aircraft guns Aircraft 2 x aircraft Interwar Years The remaining flagship of the US Atlantic Fleet, Pennsylvania operating in home waters in early 1919 and that July met the returning George Washington and escorted it into New York. The next two years saw the battleship conduct routine peacetime training until receiving orders to join the US Pacific Fleet in August 1922. For the next seven years, Pennsylvania operated on the West Coast and participated in training around Hawaii and the Panama Canal. The routine of this period was punctuated in 1925 when the battleship conducted a goodwill tour to New Zealand and Australia. In early 1929, after training exercises off Panama and Cuba, Pennsylvania sailed north and entered the Philadelphia Navy Yard for an extensive modernization program. Remaining at Philadelphia for almost two years, the ships secondary armament was modified and its cage masts replaced by new tripod masts. After conducting refresher training off Cuba in May 1931, ​Pennsylvania returned to the Pacific Fleet. In the Pacific For the next decade, Pennsylvania remained a stalwart of the Pacific Fleet and took part in annual exercises and routine training. Overhauled at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard in late 1940, it sailed for Pearl Harbor on January 7, 1941. Later that year, Pennsylvania was one of fourteen ships to receive the new CXAM-1 radar system. In the fall of 1941, the battleship was dry docked at Pearl Harbor. Though scheduled to leave on December 6, Pennsylvanias departure was delayed. As a result, the battleship remained in dry dock when the Japanese attacked the next day. One of the first ships to respond with anti-aircraft fire, Pennsylvania took minor damage during the attack despite repeated Japanese attempts to destroy the dry docks caisson. Positioned forward of the battleship in the drydock, the destroyers USS Cassin and USS Downes were both severely damaged. World War II Begins In the wake of the attack, Pennsylvania departed Pearl Harbor on December 20 and sailed for San Francisco. Arriving, it underwent repairs before joining a squadron led by Vice Admiral William S. Pye which operated off the West Coast to prevent a Japanese strike. Following the victories at Coral Sea and Midway, this force was disbanded and Pennsylvania briefly returned to Hawaiian waters. In October, with the situation in the Pacific stabilized, the battleship received orders to sail for Mare Island Naval Shipyard and a major overhaul. While at Mare Island, Pennsylvanias tripod masts were removed and its anti-aircraft armament enhanced with the installation of ten Bofors 40 mm quad mounts and fifty-one Oerlikon 20 mm single mounts. In addition, the existing 5 guns were replaced with new rapid fire 5 guns in eight twin mounts. Work on Pennsylvania was completed in February 1943 and following refresher training, the ship departed for service in the Aleutian Campaign in late April. In the Aleutians Reaching Cold Bay, AK on April 30, Pennsylvania joined Allied forces for the liberation of Attu. Bombarding enemy shore positions on May 11-12, the battleship supported Allied forces as they went ashore. Later on May 12, Pennsylvania evaded a torpedo attack and its escorting destroyers succeeded in sinking the perpetrator, the submarine I-31, the next day. Aiding in operations around the island for the remainder of the month, Pennsylvania then retired to Adak. Sailing in August, the battleship served as Rear Admiral Francis Rockwells flagship during the campaign against Kiska. With the successful re-capture of the island, the battleship became flagship of Rear Admiral Richmond K. Turner, Commander Fifth Amphibious Force, that fall. Sailing in November, Turner re-captured Makin Atoll later that month. Island Hopping On January 31, 1944, Pennsylvania took part in the bombardment prior to the invasion of Kwajalein. Remaining on station, the battleship continued to provide fire support once the landings began the next day. In February, Pennsylvania fulfilled a similar role during the invasion of Eniwetok. After conducting training exercises and a voyage to Australia, the battleship joined Allied forces for the Marianas Campaign in June. On June 14, Pennsylvanias guns pounded enemy positions on Saipan in preparation for landings the next day. Remaining in the area, the vessel struck targets on Tinian and Guam as well as provided direct fire support to troops ashore on Saipan. The following month, Pennsylvania aided in the liberation of Guam. With the end of operations in the Marianas, it joined the Palau Bombardment and Fire Support Group for the invasion of Peleliu in September. Remaining off the beach, Pennsylvanias main battery pummeled Japanese positions and greatly aided Allied forces ashore. Surigao Strait Following repairs in the Admiralty Islands in early October, Pennsylvania sailed as part of Rear Admiral Jesse B. Oldendorfs Bombardment and Fire Support Group which in turn was part of Vice Admiral Thomas C. Kinkaids Central Philippine Attack Force. Moving against Leyte, Pennsylvania reached its fire support station on October 18 and began covering General Douglas MacArthurs troops as they went ashore two days later. With the Battle of Leyte Gulf underway, Oldendorfs battleships moved south on October 24 and blocked the mouth of the Surigao Strait. Attacked by Japanese forces that night, his vessels sank the battleships Yamashiro and Fuso. In the course of the fighting, Pennsylvanias guns remained quiet as its older fire control radar could not distinguish the enemy vessels in the confined waters of the strait. Retiring to the Admiralty Islands in November, Pennsylvania returned to action in January 1945 as part of Oldendorfs Lingayen Bombardment and Fire Support Group. Philippines Driving off air attacks on January 4-5, 1945, Oldendorfs ships began striking targets around the mouth of Lingayen Gulf, Luzon the next day. Entering the gulf on the afternoon of January 6, Pennsylvania commenced reducing Japanese defenses in the area. As in the past, it continued to offer direct fire support once Allied troops began landing on January 9. Commencing a patrol of the South China Sea a day later, Pennsylvania returned after a week and remained in the gulf until February. Withdrawn on February 22, it steamed for San Francisco and an overhaul. While at the Hunters Point Shipyard, Pennsylvanias main guns received new barrels, the anti-aircraft defenses were enhanced, and new fire control radar was installed. Departing on July 12, the ship sailed for newly captured Okinawa with stops at Pearl Harbor and to bombard Wake Island. Okinawa Reaching Okinawa in early August, Pennsylvania anchored in Buckner Bay near USS Tennessee (BB-43). On August 12, a Japanese torpedo plane penetrated the Allied defenses and stuck the battleship in the stern. The torpedo strike opened a thirty-foot hole in Pennsylvania and badly damaged its propellers. Towed to Guam, the battleship was dry docked and received temporary repairs. Leaving in October, it transited the Pacific en route to Puget Sound. While at sea, the Number 3 propeller shaft broke necessitating divers to cut it and the propeller away. As a result, Pennsylvania limped into Puget Sound on October 24 with only one operable propeller. Final Days As World War II had ended, the US Navy did not intend to retain Pennsylvania. As a result, the battleship received only those repairs necessary for transit to the Marshall Islands. Taken to Bikini Atoll, the battleship was used as a target vessel during the Operation Crossroads atomic tests in July 1946. Surviving both blasts, Pennsylvania was towed to Kwajalein Lagoon where it was decommissioned on August 29. The ship remained in the lagoon until early 1948 where it was used for structural and radiological studies. On February 10, 1948, Pennsylvania taken from the lagoon and sunk at sea.

English - Tennesse Williams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

English - Tennesse Williams - Essay Example The spiritual needs of an individual, as well as his moral principles and inner believes are relevant to this talented playwright. The most impressive characters of his plays are Maggie from  Cat on a Hot Tin Roof  and the character of Stanley Kowalski from the play A Streetcar Named Desire (Gross, 2002). Williams made an emphasis on the necessity to explore the inner word of people. All misfortunes come from human misunderstanding. This was his main claim and in such a way, there is a possible way to prevent blindness in the hearts of people in case they live in mutual understanding. He became popular in 1927, but his career was often criticized by his father, who worked at the international shoe company (Rogal, 1987). The prototypes of his main characters were taken from his life experience and his work at the International Company as well (September. On Stage, 1994). Williams is a deep and a profound philosopher and a psychologist of human souls. The best play was published in 1944 and it The Glass Menagerie. This play is referred to as the playwright's personal experience (Wolter, 1995). Williams had a strong-willed mother, who even allowed making a lobotomy to his sister Rose. Thus, Williams converges his life with his plays and mergers his plays with his life. That is his power. The Pulitzer Prize was acknowledged to him in 1948 for  A Streetcar Named Desire (Dowling, 1981). ... During the period of his depression he struggled with his drug and alcohol addiction. Like every talented man, he was searching for inspiration and his muse. Therefore, the plays of the playwright are full of in-depth considerations about the inner world of an individual. They are focused on negative sides of a human nature. The author thinks that in negative emotions an individual is able to perceive an outer world and his inner world better. His main characters experience degradation, moral challenges, problems of an individual’s choice and many other dramatic issues. His plays may be described as nightmares, because the author is not shy to depict the negative and destructing side of a human nature. His own anxieties are projected on his plays. Therefore, Williams considers emotions to be an integrative part of a human life. Emotions are fragile for him and there is a need to concentrate on them in order to perceive the essence of emotions and penetrate into the depths of a n individual’s inner world. Moreover, Williams underlined the privacy of emotions and there is a cruel outside world, where all people live. He often associated main characters of his plays with animals in order to show their emotions in a more acute manner. Animals are unable to analyze their emotions, but feel deep, as well as people do. Therefore, is not it surprising that all human beings are self-concentrated, but their selfish emotions contribute much to their self-analysis. Another interesting note to be made about Williams is to determine the role emotions played in his life. His family created a favorable atmosphere for his growing up and he was able to focus on his inner world and not on external turmoil. That is why Williams feels a nature of men and women, depicted in his plays